Intersection of Hanover and High Sts., is now hardly recognizable as such, for the market house, courthouse, and church have encroached on it. The Pennsylvania guide, compiled by the Writers' Program of the WPA in 1940, described the early history of Carlisle's public square and the physical changes that had occurred by the first half of the 20th century, noting that the square, located at the During the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), the largely successful Forbes Expedition was organized in Carlisle in 1758 Henry Bouquet also organized a military expedition from the settlement in 1763 during Pontiac's War. In 1757, colonel-commandant John Stanwix-for whom Fort Stanwix in upstate New York was named-–established his headquarters in Carlisle, and was promoted to brigadier general on December 27. In 1755, the stockade was transformed into a fort, known as Fort Carlisle or Fort Lowther. Īs a result of conflicts on the frontier with Native American tribes, a stockade was constructed in the settlement to protect against potential attacks in 1753. They named the settlement after its sister town of the same name in Cumberland, England, and even designed its former jailhouse (which now serve as general government offices in the county) to resemble the Carlisle Citadel. settled there and fathered John Armstrong Jr.

American engineer John Armstrong Sr., a surveyor for the Penn family, laid the plan for the settlement of Carlisle in 1751. The settlement of Carlisle, at the intersection of several Indigenous trails, was designated by the Pennsylvania assembly and the Penn family in 1751 as the seat of Cumberland County (named for the county of the same name in England). : 113 During the colonial era, Scots-Irish settlers began to settle in the Cumberland Valley beginning in the early 1730s.

The French-born fur trader James Le Tort may have built a cabin in the area as early as 1720. Carlisle also hosts Penn State Dickinson School of Law and Dickinson College. Carlisle Barracks is home of the United States Army Heritage and Education Center, an archives and museum complex open to the public.

Army installations and the most senior military educational institution in the United States Army. Carlisle Barracks ranks among the oldest U.S. Army War College, located at the Carlisle Barracks, prepares high-level military personnel and civilians for strategic leadership responsibilities. In 2010, Forbes rated Carlisle and Harrisburg the second-best place to raise a family. Carlisle is the smaller principal city of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Cumberland, Dauphin, and Perry counties in South Central Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 20,118 Including suburbs in the neighboring townships, 37,695 live in the Carlisle urban cluster. Carlisle is located within the Cumberland Valley, a highly productive agricultural region. Carlisle is a borough in and the county seat of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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